Fig 1.
(A & B). Histogram examples of single (A) and triple (B) muscle peak values. Vertical blue lines intersect the histogram at the point of peak muscle signal intensity (i.e., 21 & 24 in these examples).
Fig 2.
(A & B). Multifidus muscle total CSA outlines with peak muscle histogram values. Red and gold highlighting identifies the right and left muscle tissue areas contained within the peak value at L4 (A), while blue and pink highlights peak muscle at L5 (B).
Fig 3.
Case selection flowchart.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for demographic, muscle, and clinical variables.
Table 2.
Associations between average % MCSA and outcomes.
Table 3.
Associations between lowest % MCSA and outcomes.