Table 1.
Demographic summary of participants.
Table 2.
Sample interview questions.
Table 3.
Themes and categories.
Fig 1.
Interactive stages of socialization themselves and the program; secondly, the formal stage interaction with courses, faculty, and peers exposed to institutional culture and practices shapes their understanding; thirdly, the informal stage, the exchange and communication for professional and personal goals boost their self-esteem and confidence, and finally the personal stage of self-identity and change [38], with the core of socialization experience of doctoral students such as knowledge acquisition, investment, and involvement.
Throughout socialization, students undergo the knowledge acquisition and transformation stage, which leads from the novices to the professional stage.