Fig 1.
Relationships between internal controls, financial accountability, and financial performance.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of respondents (n = 78).
Table 2.
Multicollinearity evaluation among the internal control components (n = 78).
Table 3.
Indicator reliability, construct reliability, and convergent validity (n = 78).
Table 4.
Discriminant validity using Fornell and Larcker’s approach (n = 78).
Table 5.
Discriminant validity assessment using the Heterotrait-Monotrait approach (n = 78).
Table 6.
Descriptive statistics of the partial least-squares-structural equation model (n = 78).
Fig 2.
Structural model used to test the direct influence of internal control components on financial performance (FP).
CA, control activities; IC, information communication; ME, monitoring and evaluation; RA, risk assessment.
Fig 3.
Structural model testing for the direct influence of internal control components on financial accountability (FA).
CA, control activities; IC, information communication; ME, monitoring and evaluation; RA, risk assessment.
Fig 4.
Structural model testing for financial accountability (FA) as a mediator between internal control and financial performance (FP).
CA, control activities; IC, information communication; ME, monitoring and evaluation; RA, risk assessment.
Table 7.
Summary of hypothesis testing.