Fig 1.
Y-maze apparatus for testing female preferences of playbacks of male USVs versus control.
The maze was subdivided into the following sections: (A) a neutral arm, (B and D) two stimulus arms, and each of which is connected to (C and E) a circular arena. Acoustic stimuli, either USVs or control (background noise) were broadcast into the arenas as well as the stimulus arms. For analyses, each stimulus arm and the connected circular arena were combined and defined as one ’stimulus chamber’ (i.e., B and C versus D and E).
Fig 2.
Side preference difference (SPD) of females from different social treatments.
Female responses over (A) the first min and (B) the entire five min playback. Error bars show mean ± SE. Group sizes; SH and + PE (n = 13), SH and–PE (n = 13), IH and + PE (n = 13), IH and–PE (n = 9).
Fig 3.
Side preference difference (SPD) of females from different housing treatments regardless of paternal exposure.
Female responses over (A) the first min and (B) the entire five min playback. Error bars show mean ± SE. Asterisks show significant differences. Group sizes; SH (n = 26), IH (n = 22).
Fig 4.
Side preference difference (SPD) of females from different paternal exposures regardless of housing treatment.
Female responses over (A) the first min and (B) the entire five min playback. Error bars show mean ± SE. Asterisks show significant differences. Group sizes: + PE (n = 26),–PE (n = 22).
Fig 5.
Females’ preferences for male USVs over one min intervals.
Results of females socially housed and reared (A) with father (n = 13) and (B) without father (n = 13); and individually housed and reared (C) with father (n = 13) and (D) without father (n = 9). Preferences measure using USV preference ratio (UPR) and mean linear regression lines show significant differences. Data points displayed are the UPR of each female at each min block.
Fig 6.
Side preference difference of females in different receptive stages regardless of social treatment.
Female responses over (A) first min and (B) entire five min playback. Error bars show mean ± SE. Asterisks show significant differences. Group sizes: Receptive (n = 33), non-receptive (n = 15).
Fig 7.
Number of females in sexually receptive and non-receptive stages comparing individually housed (IH) versus socially housed (SH) conditions.
Asterisks show significant differences. Group sizes; SH and receptive (n = 16), SH and non-receptive (n = 10), IH and receptive (n = 17), IH and non-receptive (n = 5).
Fig 8.
Side preference difference of females in different receptive stages across different housing conditions.
Error bars show mean ± SE. Asterisks show significant differences. Group sizes; SH and receptive (n = 16), SH and non-receptive (n = 10), IH and receptive (n = 17), IH and non-receptive (n = 5).