Table 1.
Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs).
Table 2.
Sample characteristics and matching results.
Table 3.
Comparisons of means and relative frequencies across outcome variables in the matched groups.
Table 4.
Regression analysis using the occurrence of all the PSIs (without distinguishing the kind of PSI) and several covariates to explain total costs (in CHF).
Fig 1.
Excess costs and mortality rates associated with the different PSIs (according to their individual regression models, see S2-S17 Tables in S1 Appendix).
Note. Error bars illustrate standard deviations. Mortality rates are shown as averages in PSI samples vs. in the control group (non-PSI). PSI 2 (death in low-mortality DRGs) and PSI 4 (death after serious complications) have a 100% mortality rate since these PSIs assess death as outcome of interest. None of the patients in the samples of PSI 17, PSI 18, and PSI 19 died.
Fig 2.
Total national costs associated with each PSI incurred in Switzerland in the fiscal year of 2019.
Note. Error bars illustrate standard deviations. The calculations that underlie these results can be found in the S18 and S19 Tables in S1 Appendix.