Table 1.
Datasets used for the study and their sources.
Fig 1.
Distribution of primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities across Ghana as of the year 2020.
This also shows the digital elevation model of Ghana.
Fig 2.
The number of functional CHPS over the years.
The results are from its three-village experimental phase in February 1994 as the first African demographic impact of aligning community health services with traditional social life and institutions [23] through documents [24, 25] to the last updated version of the dataset used for this research in the year 2020 by the PPMED-GHS.
Table 2.
Regional breakdown of the types of healthcare facilities in Ghana as of the year 2020.
Fig 3.
The accessibility catchment zone of healthcare facilities in Ghana based on the 5 km radius recommended for optimal access and population-to-facility ratio by WHO.
The 5 km buffer of each healthcare facility was developed on the population density at the year 2020 to ease visual analysis of the catchment areas.
Fig 4.
The accessibility of healthcare facilities type (primary, secondary and tertiary) in travel time of the 16 regions of Ghana. The results are logarithmically transformed.
Fig 5.
The empirical cumulative distribution curves of the population’s accessibility to the nearest healthcare facility type.
The x-axis describes the travel time to the healthcare facility type in hours. The y-axis describes the cumulative fraction of the population that is living within the travel time of the corresponding x-value.
Fig 6.
Map of healthcare facilities required to meet the SDG 3 target in Ghana by the year 2030.
This shows the predefined travel time of 30, 60 and 120 minutes for primary, secondary and tertiary which are respectively colour coded in ensuring the optimal location and accessibility of healthcare facilities in Ghana.
Table 3.
Regional breakdown of endemic or potentially endemic infectious diseases of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
It is categorised into distribution classes (DC–West Africa (1), East Africa (2), Central Africa (3) and Southern Africa (4)), and intensity classes (IC– 190–210 (1), 211–230 (2) and 231–250 (3)). The results were obtained from data worked from the GIDEON 2020 country series database.
Fig 7.
This map represents the endemic or potentially endemic infectious diseases of SSA in 2020.
The intensity map which is colour coded accordingly ranges from 190 to 250 with intervals of 20 infectious diseases.
Fig 8.
Comparing healthcare facility-based surveillance versus community-based surveillance in the various regions of Ghana using pie chat.
This is based on published peer-reviewed articles on IDs from the year 2000 to 2020 extracted from the GIDEON database.