Fig 1.
Schematic illustration of the proposed graphene SPR sensor for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein detection.
Fig 2.
Reflectance (R) of the proposed sensor structure in Kretschmann configuration against layer thicknesses of (a) WS2, (b) KNbO3, (c) BP (solid) and BlueP (dashed), and (d) Graphene.
Table 1.
Refractive indices and thicknesses of the proposed sensor layers.
Fig 3.
Sensing layer refractive index (ns) vs. SARS-CoV-2 S-protein concentration for 100-μL and 200-μL PBS solutions.
Fig 4.
(a) Simulation setup in the xy plane and (b) Material layers in the simulation domain.
Fig 5.
(a) R-profile of the proposed graphene SPR sensor for different SARS-CoV-2 S-protein concentrations as a function of θi. In this case, SARS-CoV-2 S-proteins are added to 100-μL PBS solution. (b) Δθr against SARS-CoV-2 S-protein concentration for 100-μL and 200-μL PBS solution.
Table 2.
Comparisons of LoD of the proposed sensor with different recently proposed sensors for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein detection.
Fig 6.
(a) SR and (b) KD as a function of S-protein concentration of the proposed graphene SPR sensor for 100-μL and 200-μL PBS solutions.
Fig 7.
(a) S and (b) FoM using BP and (c) S and (d) FoM using BlueP as a function of S-protein concentration of the proposed graphene SPR sensor for 100-μL and 200-μL PBS solutions.
Fig 8.
(a) Dispersion relations of the proposed sensor when the S-protein concentration is 1 fM using BP. The most left straight line is the light line, (b) Propagation length, and (c) Propagation loss of the proposed sensor as a function of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein concentration for 100-μL and 200-μL PBS solutions.
Table 3.
Performance comparison of our proposed sensor with different recently proposed sensors.