Fig 1.
V-bar roller crimper (I&J Manufacturing, Gordonville, PA); 2.4 m in length, 38 cm diameter, 9.5 mm thickness, weighing 1002 kg used for rolling-crimping treatment.
Fig 2.
Monthly average temperature and rainfall during the experiment duration.
Rainfall does not include 37cm snowfall received during Jan 2022.
Table 1.
Seeding rate, variety, and biomass of respective cover crop species at termination.
Table 2.
Herbicide product names, and rates used for termination of respective cover crop species.
Adjuvants added with respective herbicides are shown in footnotes.
Fig 3.
(a) Phatom-4 drone mounted with MicaSense RedEdge-M camera, (b) MicaSense RedEdge-M camera, and (c) Reflectance panel for radiometric calibration.
Fig 4.
Reflectance map for respective bands and RGB image of the plots, (a) Blue, (b) Green, (c) NIR, (d) Red-edge, (e) Red, and (f) RGB image.
Table 3.
Vegetative indices calculated for estimating cover crop termination efficiency and their respective formula.
Table 4.
P-values for factors when experimental run was considered as a fixed effect.
Table 5.
Effect of termination treatment on termination efficiency and biomass change for wheat and cereal ryea.
Table 6.
Effect of termination treatment on termination efficiency and biomass change for hairy vetch and rapeseeda.
Fig 5.
Scatter plot of Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI) and Green Leaf Index (GLI) response to termination efficiency (n = 88 for each vegetative indices) in wheat.
R2 = Coefficient of determination, RMSE = Root Mean Square Error.
Fig 6.
Scatter plot of Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI) and Green Leaf Index (GLI) response to termination efficiency (n = 88 for each vegetative indices) in cereal rye.
R2 = Coefficient of determination, RMSE = Root Mean Square Error.
Table 7.
Value of Pearson correlation coefficient between termination efficiency and vegetative indices for respective cover crop species.
Fig 7.
Scatter plot of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Pan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PNDVI) response to termination efficiency (n = 88 for each vegetative indices) in rapeseed.
R2 = Coefficient of determination, RMSE = Root Mean Square Error.