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Fig 1.

Conceptual framework adapted from Holsapple and Lee-Post for online instructor e-readiness before, during and after course delivery (Glenda H. E. Gay, 2016).

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Conceptual framework of e-readiness factors adapted from Glenda H. E. Gay (2016) for online student/instructor e-readiness before, during and after course delivery.

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Fig 2 Expand

Table 1.

Demographics for student respondents.

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

Demographics for teacher respondents.

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Table 2 Expand

Table 3.

Means (M) and Cronbach’s alpha(α) of the student e-readiness scale (N = 5914).

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Table 3 Expand

Table 4.

Means (M) and Cronbach’s alpha(α) of the instructor e-readiness scale (N = 1752).

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Table 4 Expand

Fig 3.

Student e-readiness differences with analysis of variance.

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Fig 4.

Instructor e-readiness differences with analysis of variance.

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Table 5.

Categories of challenges reported by students.

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Table 5 Expand

Table 6.

Categories of challenges reported by instructors.

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Table 7.

Six most valuable online EFL learning elements from the students’ view (15 items in total).

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Table 7 Expand

Table 8.

Six most valuable online EFL learning elements from the instructors’ view (15 items in total).

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Table 8 Expand

Fig 5.

Valuable online EFL learning elements from the instructors’/students’ view.

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Table 9.

Categories of recommendations reported by students.

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Table 9 Expand

Table 10.

Categories of recommendations reported by instructors.

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