Fig 1.
Yearly variation in grain yield and cultivation period for twelve rice cultivars in cool (a, b, c, and d) and warm (e, f, g, and h) cropping seasons.
Fig 2.
Yearly variation in reference evapotranspiration under initial (a and e), crop development (b and f), reproductive (c and g), and maturity (d and h) stages of rice in cool (a, b, c, and d) and warm (e, f, g, and h) cropping seasons.
Fig 3.
Yearly trend of crop water status on rice growth under initial (a and e), crop development (b and f), reproductive (c and g), and maturity (d and h) stages in cool (a, b, c, and d) and warm (e, f, g, and h) cropping seasons.
Grey line represents the linear regression line. * represents p-value < 0.05.
Fig 4.
Regression coefficient of rice yield on crop water status under initial (a and e), crop development (b and f), reproductive (c and g), and maturity (d and h) stages in cool (a, b, c, and d) and warm (e, f, g, and h) cropping seasons.
Filled circles represent the value of a cultivar. Open circles represent the average value of a group of cultivars having overlapped cultivation period. The length of the black line on the open circle represents the value of standard deviation. Horizontal dash lines separate the groups of cultivars having overlapped cultivation periods. In each panel, the upper, mid, and lower zone represent the periods of 1925–1944, 1945–1983, and 1996–2019, respectively.
Table 1.
Total rice yield change (kg ha-1) related to crop water status over the periods 1925–1944, 1945–1983, and 1996–2019 under initial (INI), crop development (DEV), reproductive (REP), and maturity (MAT) stages in the cool and warm cropping seasons.
Table 2.
Correlation coefficients of crop water status among growth stages in the cool and warm cropping seasons.