Fig 1.
Vertical lines in the figure represent the “tags”, which are the moments that delimit when participants start and stop the different phases of a trial. The painting in the figure is copyright-free; it has been shown only for illustrative purposes and it is not part of the set of stimuli used here. Copyright laws prohibit the reproduction of the paintings used as stimuli in this experiment, but they can be viewed at the links reported in S1 Table.
Fig 2.
(A) Experimental condition (B) Control condition. The bars show the viewing time of the paintings averaged across participants. Intervals. Errors are 95% confidence intervals. Significance levels refer to post hoc comparisons: ***p<0.001.
Fig 3.
Questionnaire scoring (A) Experimental condition (B) Control condition. The bars show the average score that participants attributed to the different items of the questionnaire mediated across paintings. Errors are 95% confidence intervals. Significance levels refer to paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01.
Fig 4.
(A) Experimental condition (B) Control condition. The lines show skin conductance recording over time, averaged across paintings and participants. In each panel, the bar graph on the left shows the mean EDA response averaged across paintings; the bar graph on the right shows RMSE averaged across paintings. Errors are 95% confidence intervals. Significance levels refer to post-hoc comparisons: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
Fig 5.
(A) Experimental condition (B) Control condition. The lines show pupil response over time averaged across paintings and participants. The bar graph shows the mean pupil response averaged across paintings. Errors are 95% confidence intervals. Significance levels refer to post-hoc comparisons: ***p<0.001.
Fig 6.
(A) Example of gaze pattern in a painting: Essential label vs descriptive label. The heat map shows the different proportion of fixations in the two label conditions for the painting Femme (Miró, 1977–1978), that can be viewed at the link reported in S1 Table; courtesy of Successiò Mirò (2023). Red: higher proportion of fixations with descriptive labels; green: same proportion of fixations; blue: lower proportion of fixations with descriptive labels. (B) Example of gaze pattern in a painting: First session vs second session both with essential label. The heat map shows the different proportion of fixations in the two label conditions for the painting Femme (Miró, 1977–1978); courtesy of Successiò Mirò (2023). Red: higher proportion of fixations in the second session; green: same proportion of fixations; blue: lower proportion of fixations in the second session. (C) Spatial distribution of fixations in the experimental condition. The bar graph shows the difference in the number of fixations between descriptive and essential label conditions at three eccentricities. Errors are 95% confidence intervals. Significance levels refer to paired-sample t-test. (D) Spatial distribution of fixations in the control condition. The bar graph shows the difference in the number of fixations between the second and the first session at three eccentricities. Errors are 95% confidence. Significance levels refer to paired-sample t-test: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. See Data Processing section for data analysis details.