Fig 1.
Schedule of enrollment, interventions, and assessments.
Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 level; VAS, visual analog scale; POSAS, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. * Baseline patient characteristics, including data about past medical/surgical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. † CT will be performed when MRI cannot be performed. ‡ including satisfaction with the surgery, walking distance/time, and time required to return to daily activities postoperatively.
Fig 2.
Protocol flow diagram.
Fig 3.
Interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy.
(a) The operative field of the interlaminar full-endoscopic laminectomy procedure is shown. (b) The intraoperative endoscopic view shows the laminectomy site, the decompressed thecal sac, and an individual rootlet.
Fig 4.
Unilateral approach and bilateral decompression.
The bilateral decompression is accomplished via a unilateral access point.