Fig 1.
Experimental design.
Fig 2.
Direct and indirect (via maternal effect) effects of NaCl on life history parameters of Daphnia magna from three clones (averages ± 1 SD); large arrows and their directions indicate significant differences compared to animals born from females not exposed to increased salinity, post-hoc Tukey test calculated only for maternal effect (*—p<0.05, **—p<0.01, ***—p<0.001); small letters indicate homogenous groups, post-hoc Tukey test for different N (Spjotvoll-Stolone test), p<0.05.