Fig 1.
Representation of the ozone—Carbon dioxide exposure system experimental setup.
Fig 2.
NMDS panel figure displaying the relationship between various Volatile Organic Compounds of Vicia faba plants’ headspace for each atmospheric treatment.
Fig 3.
Outputs of the decisive VOCs identified by random Forest model relating to (a) control versus O3 and (b) O3 versus O3 + CO2.
The compounds are ranked in decreasing order based on the model’s predictive accuracy from permuting the values in each feature.
Fig 4.
NMDS panel figure displaying the relationship between decisive Volatile Organic Compounds identified by the random Forest model and each atmospheric treatment.
Fig 5.
Volume (a) and sugar concentration (b) of nectar produced by five extra floral nectaries of plants in each atmospheric treatment.
The different letters over the bars in the histogram indicate significant differences based LMMs. Same letters indicate no significant difference.
Fig 6.
Osmia cornuta visits to EFNs on plants in each atmospheric treatment per plant over the ten-day sampling period.
The different letters over the bars in the histogram indicate significant differences based on Tukey tests. Same letters indicate no significant difference.