Fig 1.
Intraoperative hand kinematics and kinetic recording devices.
(A) CyberGlove III uses strain gauges and patient-specific calibrations to provide angle measurements for 23 different joints at 90 Hz. (B) A stock GoPro Hero 7 Black is used to record patient hand movements, and a custom GoPro Hero 7 Black with 8.25mm (47mm) f/2.8 lens for recording the surgical/stimulation site. (C) Nihon Kohden EEG-1200AA series is used clinically to monitor for seizure activity via ECoG grids near stimulation areas and allows for the input of parallel DC channels for other devices. (D) TekScan F-Socket pressure mat affixed to a 2.5 in diameter PVC pipe provides force recordings of hand grips at 200 Hz from force sensors at a density of 0.7 sensors/cm2. (E) Piezoelectric sensor outputs voltage differences across its terminals recorded by a Nihon Kohden DC channel in response to loud sounds such as the Go/Stimulate tone.
Table 1.
Synchronization method with their mean, range, and 95% confidence interval for each data stream.
Fig 2.
(A) Arduino Uno Rev3 powers (5V) a circuit, which is gated by a button-switch, that varies the voltages across parallel outputs for each device. A task window occurs in between two button presses. (B) TekScan Software reads voltage pulse through BNC Cable plugged into the F-Socket’s VersaTek Hub to trigger the start and end of a recording. (C-D) Voltage pulse/Button press corresponds to LED being ON. (E) Parallel voltage signal is routed back into an Arduino input terminal that is read by MATLAB and used to trigger the CyberGlove start/stop serial commands and an audio go/stimulate cue about three seconds after the button is released. (F) Button-gated voltage is sampled in parallel with ECoG via a Nihon Kohden DC channel. (G) Piezoelectric sensor’s voltage is sampled in parallel via a Nihon Kohden DC channel.
Fig 3.
Sample intraoperative kinematic index flexion trial.
(A) TTL voltage signal from the button press that initiates and stops recordings. (B) ECoG from one electrode during an index flexion trial in the operating room with a rest frame and peak flexion frame marked. (C) Index metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint (gray) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint (black) angle data from the index flexion trial with the rest frame and peak flexion frame marked. (D) The GoPro frame of the patient’s hand during the rest frame. (E) The GoPro frame of the patient’s hand during the peak flexion frame.
Fig 4.
Sample kinetic whole hand trial.
(A) TTL voltage signal from the button press that initiates and stops recordings. (B) ECoG from one electrode during a whole hand squeeze trial in the operating room with a rest frame and peak force frame marked. Stimulation period is marked with red box. (C) Force output from the F-Socket during a whole hand squeeze trial in the operating room with a rest frame and peak force frame marked. Stimulation period is marked with red box. (D) F-socket pressure map (15 x 16 sensors/544.8 x 190.5mm) during the rest frame. The top and bottom of the frame shows pressure from the fingers and thumb., respectively. (E) F-socket pressure map during the peak force output frame.