Fig 1.
Study flowchart.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
Fig 2.
VAS score changes in the HBOT and medication groups.
Model estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals. Significant three-months interaction effect, p = 0.001.
Table 2.
Questionnaire analysis.
Fig 3.
Change in questionnaire pain index.
A. pain index changes shown in violin plots, B. Scatterplot of the change in pain sensitivity pressure test, and the change in pain index. r is Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Fig 4.
Change in pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the upper trapezius muscle in the HBOT and medication groups.
A. Left, pain sensitivity, Right, conditioned pain sensitivity (cold water). Data are presented in violin plot. B. Scatterplot of the change in conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and the change in FMS index. r is Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Fig 5.
A. Increased post treatment activation in Brodmann areas (BAs) in HBOT group compared to Medication group. B. Pearson correlation coefficient heatmap representing changes in BAs activation and questionnaire scores. The parameters are ordered by hierarchical clustering using the Euclidian distance metric algorithm.
Table 3.
Increased post treatment activation in Brodmann areas (BAs)–SPECT analysis.
Table 4.
Pharmacological treatment and side effects.