Fig 1.
The phenological cycle of cotton in Greece.
The principal phenological stages of cotton are Root Establishment (RE), Leaf Development (LD), Squaring (S), Flowering (F), Boll Development (BD) and Boll Opening (BO). The temporal overlaps between adjacent phenological stages are illustrated. Retrieved from [69] and modified.
Fig 2.
Field photos that were captured in two consecutive visits of the same field. For each visit there is a panoramic photo of the field and two close-up photos of a plant that represent the majority and minority of the field, respectively. (a) Visit on 05/09, when the primary stage was BD and the secondary stage was BO. (b) Visit on 17/09, when the primary stage was BO and secondary was BD.
Table 1.
Difference in days between ground and satellite observation pairs.
Table 2.
Distribution of phenological stages.
Fig 3.
Distribution of DoY for which the inspector observed the phenological stages as primary.
Fig 4.
Distribution of DoY for which the inspector observed the phenological stages as secondary.
Table 3.
Interrater agreement metricsa.
Table 4.
Summary of predictor variable candidates.
Fig 5.
The proposed methodology for cotton phenology estimation.
Fig 6.
Distribution of FCM partition weights for m = 2.
The hue indicates the rank in which the weights were given for each prediction. The dotted line shows the threshold above which 2nd ranked clusters are considered as valid secondary phenological stages.
Table 5.
Metrics of performance for our phenology prediction model and the baseline model.
Table 6.
Prediction errors in metaclass displacement units.
Table 7.
Confusion matrix for the six principal phenological stages.
Fig 7.
Distribution of the chronological order of observation.
Early describes ground observations that are found at the beginning of consecutive observations of a stage, with regards to chronological order. Late, similarly, describes ground observations that are found at the end of consecutive observations of a stage and Middle contains ground observations that are found in middle positions The hues show the predictions according to their diff-o categorization of prediction error.