Table 1.
Details of the variables collected from the relevant papers used in the analysis.
Table 2.
Factor levels in the Habitat and Method variables.
Base factor is noted first for each variable.
Fig 1.
The geographic spread of a) earthworm data and b) tipulid data extracted from the literature over the UK.
The red 10 km squares represent locations sampled for each study and darker squares represent data from multiple studies. The light red 100 km squares are either inaccurate study locations or studies that cover a wider area than the 10 km. © 2018–2022 GADM—license. a) b).
Fig 2.
The temporal spread of a) earthworm data and b) tipulid data.
Plotted per m2 across the Broad_Habitat categories and coloured by the Broad_Method categories. Sufficient tipulid data existed for analysis of unenclosed and farmland habitats only.
Fig 3.
Overall year trend from unweighted Model 1 with standard error, coloured by Broad_Habitat.
Table 3.
Model 1 output of earthworm abundance.
Unweighted and weighted (by the natural log of Sample Extent + 1) Model 1 estimates without the interaction, compared to the base of Farmland, Autumn and Core (significant estimates are in bold, the stars represent: * <0.01, ** <0.001, *** <0.0001, SE = Standard Error).
Fig 4.
Broad_Habitat specific earthworm density.
Average earthworm density per m2 in each Broad_Habitat category from a) the unweighted and b) weighted (by natural log of Sample Extent + 1) using Model 1. See Table 3 for estimates.
Fig 5.
Fine_Habitat specific earthworm density.
Average earthworm density per m2 for each Fine_Habitat category from Model 2 (unweighted). See Table 4 for estimates.
Table 4.
Model 2 output of earthworm abundance.
Estimates from Fine_Habitat Model 2, unweighted and weighted (by natural log of Sample Extent + 1), compared to the base of Farmland_Arable, Autumn and Core. The level of significance is represented by: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, SE = Standard Error.
Fig 6.
Broad_Habitat specific trends in earthworm abundance.
Habitat specific earthworm abundance trends using unweighted Model 3 including the interaction with Year and Broad_Habitat. See Table 5 for estimates (the stars represent significance from zero: * <0.01, ** <0.001, *** <0.0001).
Table 5.
Model 3 output of earthworm abundance trends.
Unweighted and weighted (by the natural log of Sample Extent +1) Model 3 estimates with the interaction of Year with Broad_Habitat providing habitat specific trends compared to the base, farmland, trend shown in the year estimate (significant estimates are in bold, the stars represent: * <0.01, ** <0.001, *** <0.0001, SE = Standard Error).
Fig 7.
Fine_Habitat specific earthworm abundance trends.
Earthworm abundance trends from the interaction of Year with each Fine_Habitat category from Model 4 (unweighted). The level of significance from zero is indicated by:. p < 0.1; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. See Table 6 for estimates.
Table 6.
Model 4 output of earthworm abundance trends.
The output from Model 4 using the Fine_Habitat categories with the interaction with year, unweighted and weighted (by the natural log of Sample Extent +1), compared to the base of Farmland_Arable, Autumn and Core. The level of significance is represented by:. p < 0.1; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, SE = Standard Error.
Fig 8.
Broad_Habitat specific tipulid density and trend.
Average tipulid density per m2 from unweighted Model 1 (above) and trend estimates (below, not significant) from interaction of unweighted Model 3, for each Broad_Habitat. See Table 7 for estimates.
Table 7.
Model 1 and 3 output of tipulid abundance and trends.
Estimates from the tipulid models weighted (by the natural log of Sample Extent +1) and unweighted. Top is Model 1 and bottom is Model 3 with an interaction between Year and Broad_Habitat, compared to the base of Farmland, Core and Autumn. Significant estimates are in bold, the stars represent: * <0.01, ** <0.001, *** <0.0001, SE = Standard Error.