Table 1.
Neuroimaging abnormality distribution by classification.
Fig 1.
A: Examples of IC+ cases with acute intracranial hemorrhages. The left panel shows a large intraparenchymal hematoma centered in the left basal ganglia (arrow) as well as intraventricular hemorrhages within the bilateral occipital horns (arrowhead). The middle panel shows a large left holohemispheric subdural hematoma with rightward subfalcine herniation. The right panel shows multifocal, hemorrhagic lung cancer metastases. B: Examples of nonhemorrhagic IC+ cases. The left panel shows a large area of confluent hypoattenuation involving the right hemisphere, which was subsequently found to be toxoplasmosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The middle panel shows diffuse reversal of gray-white differentiation as well as partial effacement of the ventricles, most consistent with diffuse cerebral edema from a severe hypoxic-ischemic injury. For instance, the left caudate head has an abnormally hypodense appearance compared to the adjacent internal capsule. The right panel shows a large, left hemispheric, Spetzler Martin grade 5 arteriovenous malformation. C: Examples of false positive IC+ cases. The left panel shows streak artifact from metallic hardware. The middle panel shows encephalomalacia of the right frontal lobe. The right panel shows an old right posterior cerebral artery territory infarction.
Table 2.
Clinical outcomes by classification.
Table 3.
False positive IC+ cases.
Fig 2.
A: Examples of true negative IC- cases. The left panel shows a normal noncontrast head CT. The right panel shows small old infarcts in the left basal ganglia. B: Examples of false negative IC- cases. The left panel shows a small isodense subdural hematoma along the left frontal convexity. The right panel shows trace subarachnoid hemorrhage along the medial aspect of the left frontal lobe.
Table 4.
False negative IC- cases.
Fig 3.
A: Trace acute subarachnoid hemorrhage along the right anterior cingulate gyrus. B: Noncontrast head CT degraded by motion artifact. C: Normal noncontrast head CT.