Table 1.
Study eligibility criteria.
Table 2.
Methods in brief.
Fig 1.
Overview of publication selection process.
Fig 2.
Visual representation of included evidence by study design and patient condition.
An overview of the included number of publications is shown; some publications included more than one study. The size of each bubble is relative to the number of publications it represents.
Fig 3.
Synopsis of findings reported in population-based studies and studies of healthy older adults.
Fig 4.
Synopsis of findings reported in studies of cannabis use in unique patient conditions and populations.
Table 3.
Characteristics of population-based studies and studies of healthy older adults.
Fig 5.
Bubble plots of findings from population-based studies and studies of healthy older adults.
Findings at a glance: Observed associations of cannabis use with physical health outcomes (Panels A, B) and mental health outcomes (Panels C, D), with separate plots for adjusted analyses/RCTs and unadjusted analyses. Some associations were derived from studies with cross-sectional and case-control designs (circles), while others were derived from cohort studies and RCT (squares). Quadrants of plots represent significant and non-significant beneficial and harmful effects. Each bubble represents an outcome definition for which at least one study reported an effect within a plot quadrant. Bubble size represents the number of studies that reported that outcome definition in the quadrant. Letters within bubbles denote subgroups or different outcome definitions within an outcome group.
Table 4.
Characteristics of studies evaluating the impacts of cannabis use in individuals with end-stage cancer.
Fig 6.
Overall conclusions in systematic reviews regarding the use of cannabis in specific patient conditions, by year of publication.
Table 5.
Characteristics of studies evaluating the impacts of cannabis use in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia.
Table 6.
Characteristics of studies evaluating the impacts of cannabis use in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.