Fig 1.
Fruit sample collections and drosophilid diversity assessment.
Number of insects emerged from strawberry fruits collected from the field in Atibaia municipality, São Paulo, Brazil (23°04’16”S, 46°40’52”W) in October (A) and December (B) 2020.
Fig 2.
Percentages of egg-pupa and pupa-adult viability of Drosophila suzukii (D) and Zaprionus indianus (Z) fitted to regression functions at eight intra- and interspecific egg densities, ranging from 8 to 400. (A) Egg-pupa intraspecific survival. (B) Egg-pupa interspecific survival. (C) Intraspecific emergence percentage of adults. (D) Interspecific emergence of adults.
Table 1.
Summary of regression analyses for percentages of egg-pupa and pupa-adult viability and adult emergence of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (shown in Fig 2).
Fig 3.
Fecundity response of Drosophila suzukii (D) and Zaprionus indianus (Z) fitted to regression functions to eight intra- and interspecific egg densities, i.e., 8 to 400 eggs. (A) Intraspecific mean fecundity per female. (B) Interspecific mean fecundity per female. Black points and curves represent D. suzukii; green points and curves represent Z. indianus.
Table 2.
Summary of regression analyses for fecundity of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (shown in Fig 3).
Fig 4.
Mean emergence times of Drosophila suzukii (D) and Zaprionus indianus (Z) fitted to regression functions in the 8 different densities. The black line and points represent intraspecific competition; the blue line and points represent interspecific competition.
Table 3.
Summary of regression analyses for mean emergence times of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (shown in Fig 4).
Fig 5.
Leslie matrix simulations showing population sizes for life stages of Drosophila suzukii (A) and Zaprionus indianus (B) from intra and interspecific combinations in scenarios of low (D8), moderate (D60), and high (D400) densities.
Fig 6.
Choice behavior of Drosophila suzukii with eggs of Zaprionus indianus or with eggs of D. suzukii.
Experiments indicating the total eggs laid by D. suzukii on a diet previously infested with different egg densities (1, 3, 7, 10, or 15 eggs) versus a blank diet. (A) Intraspecific: oviposition behavior of D. suzukii in one diet with eggs of D. suzukii versus a blank diet (no eggs). (B) Interspecific: oviposition behavior of D. suzukii in one diet with eggs of Zaprionus indianus versus a blank diet (no eggs).