Table 1.
Renal function and hemodynamic parameters evaluated after the 24h protocol.
Fig 1.
Tubular injury score in the renal cortex evaluated at the end of the 24h protocol.
(A) Bar graph of tubular injury score values. (B) Representative photomicrographs of renal histological changes from a Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rat (x400). Values are means ± SEM. ap<0.001, cp<0.05 vs. Sham; dp<0.001, fp<0.05 vs. Li; hp<0.01 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 2.
Plasma concentration of Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) evaluated at the end of the 24h protocol in Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats.
Values are means ± SEM. ap < 0.001 vs Sham; dp < 0.001 vs Li; gp < 0.001 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 3.
Immunohistochemical analysis for CD68+ cells expression in rat kidney tissue.
(A) Bar graph of CD68+ cells expression values. (B) Representative photomicrographs of immunostaining for CD68+ cells in the renal cortex from a Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rat (x400). Values are means ± SEM. ap<0.001 vs. Sham; dp<0.001 vs. Li; hp<0.01 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 4.
Semiquantitative immunoblotting for NFκB expression in rat kidney tissue.
(A) NFκB densitometric analysis of kidney samples from Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats. (B) Representative immunoblots which reacted with anti-NFκB revealing bands of 65kDa. Values are means ± SEM. cp<0.05 vs. Sham; ep<0.01 vs. Li; ip<0.05 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 5.
Semiquantitative immunoblotting for Caspase 3 expression in rat kidney tissue.
(A) Caspase 3 densitometric analysis of kidney samples from Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats. (B) Representative immunoblots which reacted with anti-Caspase 3 revealing bands of 17kDa. Values are means ± SEM. cp<0.05 vs. Sham; dp<0.001 vs. Li, hp<0.01 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 6.
Semiquantitative immunoblotting for MnSOD expression in rat kidney tissue.
(A) MnSOD densitometric analysis of samples from Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats. (B) Representative immunoblots which reacted with anti-MnSOD revealing a band of 25kDa. Values are means ± SEM. ap < 0.001, bp<0.01 vs. Sham; dp < 0.001, ep<0.01 vs Li; ip < 0.05 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.
Fig 7.
Semiquantitative immunoblotting for GSK-3β expression in rat kidney and muscle tissue.
(A) GSK-3β densitometric analysis of kidney samples from Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats. (C) GSK-3β densitometric analysis of muscle samples from Sham, Li, Gly and Gly+Li rats. (B) and (D) Representative immunoblots which reacted with anti- GSK-3β revealing bands of 46kDa in kidney and muscle, respectively. Values are means ± SEM. ap<0.001, cp<0.05 vs. Sham; dp<0.001, ep<0.01 vs. Li; gp<0.001, ip<0.05 vs. Gly. Li, lithium; Gly, glycerol; Gly+Li, glycerol + lithium.