Fig 1.
Hypothetical structural equation modeling on the prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among high school and preparatory school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022 (both measurement and structural model): Circles indicate latent variables or error terms or disturbances, rectangles indicate observed variables, single arrows indicate factor loadings or regression coefficients, and double arrows indicate the covariance between latent variables.
A1-A7 = items of anxiety, D1-D9 = items for depression, S1-S8 = items for somatic symptoms, ST1-ST10 = items for stress, and e = error term.
Fig 2.
Diagrammatical representation of the sampling procedure that was used to assess the prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among high school and preparatory school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
N indicates the total number of students.
Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of high and preparatory school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022 (n = 1379).
Table 2.
Tools used for the determinants of depression anxiety, somatic symptom, their description and criteria for categorization.
Table 3.
KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity for the measurement of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among high and preparatory school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Fig 3.
Final measurement model for the constructs of anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, stress, and social support.
Key: a = anxiety, d = depression, SO = somatic symptoms, st = stress, SS = social support, e = error term, and bidirectional arrow indicates covariance.
Table 4.
Model selection for determinants of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among high and preparatory school adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Fig 4.
Standardized structural equation modeling for factors related to anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms among high and preparatory school adolescents in Gondar town, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2022.
Table 5.
Direct, indirect, and total effects of socio-demographic, behavioral, relationship-related factors and clinical factors on depression among adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: Unstandardized estimate.
Table 6.
Direct, indirect, and total effect of socio-demographic, behavioral, relationship-related, and clinical factors on anxiety among adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: Unstandardized estimate.
Table 7.
Direct, indirect, and total effects of socio -demographic, personal, relationship-related factors, and stress on anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorders among adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: Unstandardized estimate.