Fig 1.
Study area and locations of the archaeological sites with human remains analyzed in this study (lat. -42° to -38° S, long. -70° to -62° W).
From Somuncurá Foothills (SF): 1-Comallo; 2-Matadero Jacobacci; 3-Colitoro; 4-Chipauquil; 5-Paja Alta; 6-Valcheta; 7-Aguada Cecilio; 8-Cueva Galpón. From Negro River (NR): 9- Museo Beltrán, Pomona; 10-Negro Muerto 2 and 3; 11-La Victoria 5; 12-Caitacó, 13-Loma de los Muertos; 14-San Javier; 15-Laguna del Juncal. Adapted from A. Serna Unpublished PhD thesis under a CC BY license, with permission of the author, original copyright 2018.
Table 1.
Isotope data of the analyzed samples.
Fig 2.
Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr and uncertainty isoscapes.
The maps represent the study area from which the bioarchaeological samples come from. Base map sourced from the R software package rworldmap (https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2011/RJ-2011-006/index.html).
Fig 3.
Dispersion of 87Sr/86Sr values.
By location and sex from early (top row) and late (bottom row) mineralization teeth. NR: Negro River, SF: Somuncurá Foothills, M: male, F: female, I: indet. Grey diamonds represent the means.
Fig 4.
Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) vs strontium concentrations (1/[Sr]).
Somuncurá Foothills -SF- (A) and Negro River -NR- (C). Early-late mineralization teeth paired samples are linked by arrows. Empty squares enclose individuals with unidentified drinking water sources (Table 1). Numbered boxes illustrate the relative locations of the main clusters suggested by the Hierarchical Cluster analysis (see the details of each cluster individual-by-individual in S3 Fig). The absolute values of the offsets of 87Sr/86Sr and 1/[Sr] between early-late paired enamel samples are from SF (B) and NR (D). Labelled individuals are mentioned in the text.
Fig 5.
Probabilistic geographic assignment maps estimated using human enamel 87Sr/86Sr from SF sample.
Black dots signal burial location. Numbered boxes on the bottom-right corner of each map refer to the clusters (see Fig 4A and S3A Fig). Base map sourced from the R software package rworldmap (https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2011/RJ-2011-006/index.html).
Fig 6.
Probabilistic geographic assignment maps estimated using human enamel 87Sr/86Sr from NR sample.
Black dots signal burial location. Numbered boxes on the bottom-right corner of each map refer to the clusters (see Fig 4C and S3B Fig). Base map sourced from the R software package rworldmap (https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2011/RJ-2011-006/index.html).
Fig 7.
Human mobility and flow of exotic items within the study area during the Late Holocene.
A) Potential axes of extraordinary mobility based on the assignments from Figs 5 and 6. Arrows represent more than one individual with similar assignment; B) Flow of lithics, metals/minerals, and vegetables; C) Flow of malacological material. WAMB: exotic within adjacent maximal band; BAMB: exotic between adjacent maximal band; BeAMB: exotic beyond adjacent maximal band. Items from colonial period are not included. For cases with multiple potential sources, only the closest ones are included (see details in S2 Table). Adapted from A. Serna Unpublished PhD thesis under a CC BY license, with permission of the author, original copyright 2018.