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Fig 1.

Schematic view of a trial sequence for both the gaze cue and the arrow cue conditions.

The example represents: A) gaze-cue/placeholder-absent/same-hemifield condition, and B) arrow-cue/placeholder-present/same-location/same-hemifield condition.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Illustration of the four types of cue-target relation of Experiment 1.

The images represent the gaze-cue in a placeholder-present condition. The cue-target relation for the placeholder-absent condition was the same, with the exception that no placeholder boxes were presented on the scene.

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Fig 2 Expand

Table 1.

Mean reaction times (RT), standard deviation (SD), and percentage of incorrect responses (%IR) as a function of the placeholder-condition, type of cue, and cue-target (CT) relation in Experiment 1.

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 3.

Reaction times (RTs) results from Experiment 1.

Results are shown separately for the general-cueing effect (Same-Location/Same Hemifield vs. Opposite-Location/Opposite Hemifield) and the hemifield-effect (Same-Hemifield vs. Opposite Hemifield). Mean RTs presented for each type of cue as a function of the cue-target relation in the placeholder-present and placeholder-absent conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean, computed following Cousineau’s [31] method to eliminate variability between participants.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Schematic view of a trial sequence for both the gaze cue and the arrow cue conditions of Experiment 2.

The example represents: A) gaze/placeholder-absent/same-location/same-group condition, B) arrow/placeholder-present/opposite-group condition.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Illustration of the four types of cue-target relation of Experiments 2.

The placeholder-group tilted orientation shown here is -45˚ from vertical. The top images represent an example of gaze cue in a placeholder-present condition; the bottom images represent the arrow cue in a placeholder-present condition. The cue-target relation for the placeholder-absent condition was the same, with the exception that no placeholder boxes were presented on the scene.

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Fig 5 Expand

Table 2.

Mean reaction times (RT), standard deviation (SD), and percentage of incorrect responses (%IR) as a function of placeholder-condition, type of cue, and cue-target (CT) relation in Experiment 2.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 6.

Reaction times (RTs) results from Experiment 2.

Results are shown separately for the general-cueing effect and the grouping-effect. Mean RTs presented for each type of cue as a function of the cue-target relation in the placeholder-present and placeholder-absent conditions. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean, computed following Cousineau’s [31] method to eliminate variability between participants.

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Fig 6 Expand