Fig 1.
Schematic of a typical Benggang.
Fig 2.
Distribution of different soil layers in collapsing wall.
Table 1.
Basic information of sampling soil layers.
Fig 3.
Measurement device of one-dimensional linear swelling.
Table 2.
General physical and chemical properties of tested soils.
Table 3.
Semi-quantitative analysis of clay mineral compositions in the tested soils (<2 um).
Fig 4.
Effects of different (a) initial water contents and (b) electrolyte concentrations on soil swelling rate for tested soils.
Fig 5.
Relationship between (a) zeta potential and (b) surface potential with electrolyte concentrations for tested soils.
Table 4.
Soil surface properties of colloidal particles in different soil layers under neutral pH conditions.
Fig 6.
Thickness of (a) electrical double layer and (b) shear plane under different electrolyte concentrations for tested soils.
Table 5.
Pearson correlation coefficients between partial surface electrochemical parameters of colloidal particles for different soils and soil swelling rates (n = 15).