Fig 1.
The specific screening process of this study.
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the 24 studies.
Fig 2.
Development trend of postoperative VAS score.
Fig 3.
(A) Forest plot of clinical controlled trials of VAS-back scores; (B) Forest plot of clinical controlled trials of VAS-leg scores.
Fig 4.
Trend plots for single arm meta-analysis of JOA and ODI and clinical control forest plots.
(A) Postoperative JOA trend chart; (B) Postoperative JOA forest plot about clinical trials; (C) Postoperative ODI trend chart; (D) Postoperative ODI forest plot about clinical trials.
Fig 5.
Forest plot of MacNab criterion.
Fig 6.
Forest plots for surgical indicators.
(A) The length of skin incision; (B) The intraoperative bleeding; (C) The operative time; (D) The hospitalization time.
Fig 7.
Forest plot of complications and recurrence rates after PES.
(A) Complications; (B) Rescurrence rates.
Fig 8.
Egger graph of postoperative outcomes after PES.
(A) Egger graph of VAS-back; (B) Egger graph of VAS-leg; (C) Egger graph of VAS-mix; (D) Egger graph of JOA; (E) Egger graph of ODI.