Fig 1.
Example of infrared thermography data collection and analysis of images from FLiR i3 handheld camera using ThermaCAM Researcher Professional 2.8 SR-2 software.
Fig 2.
Study flow diagram for a study testing the association between broad spectrum infrared thermography and the presence of digital dermatitis lesions using unwashed and washed hind feet from five Canadian dairy herds.
The first four herds were visited at 3-week intervals for a total of 12 weeks, resulting in five visits with data collection per farm and the fifth farm was visited once. The bold lines represent general study recruitment, the solid lines represent the unwashed hind feet and the dotted lines represent the washed hind feet. The diagram was created with www.app.diagrams.net.
Fig 3.
Boxplots for maximum infrared temperature (IRTmax) from the pastern region of dairy cattle hind feet before and after washing.
(A) For hind feet with M2 or M0|M1|M3|M4 lesions of digital dermatitis (DD). (B) For hind feet with absence or presence of DD. Bold solid line = median, box = interquartile range (IQR), bottom whisker = 25th percentile—1.5 x IQR, top whisker = 75th percentile + 1.5 x IQR, circle = datapoint outside the interwhisker range.
Table 1.
M-scores for digital dermatitis, locomotion score, and cleanliness score for hind feet before and after washing from five Canadian dairy herds.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for maximum infrared temperature (°C) of the plantar pastern from standing dairy cattle feet before and after washing, categorized by digital dermatitis (DD) status.
Table 3.
Final reduced multivariable logistic regression models to test the association between maximum infrared temperature (IRTmax) from the plantar pastern and presence of M2 lesions [17] of digital dermatitis on hind feet from standing dairy cattle before and after washing, with lower leg cleanliness score (CS) [15, 16] as explanatory variable and farm as fixed effect.
Table 4.
Final reduced multivariable logistic regression analyses to test the association between maximum infrared temperature (IRTmax) from the plantar pastern and presence of any lesions of digital dermatitis on hind feet from standing dairy cattle before and after washing, with farm as fixed effect.