Fig 1.
The system diagram.
Fig 2.
Coarse segmentation.
Fig 3.
Magnified image.
Fig 4.
Refinement segmentation.
Fig 5.
An example of a histogram.
Fig 6.
Determine the area of a single grain.
Fig 7.
The result of germ segmentation.
Fig 8.
Example of germinated grain.
Fig 9.
Three rice varieties.
Table 1.
The mean relative error of grain number for the three rice varieties.
Fig 10.
The results of the predicted and true values of grain number for each image in rice varieties V1, V2, and V3: (a) V1, (b) V2, (c) V3.
Fig 11.
The area of grain connected regions.
Table 2.
The mean absolute error of germination rate for the three rice varieties.
Fig 12.
The results of the predicted and true values of germination rate for each image in rice varieties V1, V2, and V3: (a) V1, (b) V2, (c) V3.
Fig 13.
An incorrect example.
Fig 14.
The germs are intertwined or in contact with one another.
Fig 15.
The germ-to-grain contact.
Fig 16.
The grains touch or overlap each other.
Table 3.
The effects of contact or overlap between grains or germs on germination rate, where ’√’ means allowed and has no effect on germination rate, ’×’ means prohibited and has an effect on germination rate, ’△’ means partially allowed and may have an effect on germination rate.
Fig 17.
The prediction results of our method on four grain images, where the first row represents the original images, the second row represents the prediction result using our method, green indicates grain, red indicates germ, GT1 and prediction1 indicate the true and predicted values of grain number, and GT2 and prediction2 indicate the true and predicted values of germination number, respectively.