Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Fig 2.
A framework for NLP workflow in clinical setting according to CRISP-DM reference model [18].
Table 1.
List of items extracted.
Fig 3.
a. Number of articles published each year; search was conducted on 1st July 2021. b. Number of articles by country of author institution.
Table 2.
Operational assessment of the included articles against the proposed framework.
Table 3.
Dataset characteristics.
Fig 4.
Patient type studied in each article (chord diagram from circlize [61]).
Fig 5.
Definition of an ADE as an entity or as a relation in the text; solid coloured rectangles represent entities and dashed line boxes over linking arrows represent relationships between entities.
Table 4.
Methods, performance and evaluation measures.
Table 5.
Summary of single best reported result for overall performance and ADE entity or relation class performance by task.
Table 6.
Common errors described in error analyses.