Table 1.
Information on the study sites, including geographical location, distance from the pollution monitoring station and short description on habitat conditions.
Fig 1.
Influence of the growth position in Malopolska region on the values of the parameters characterizing the physiological state of Betula pendula plants.
A. Changes in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in leaves. B. Differences in the efficiency of the water splitting complex on the photosystem II donor side (Fv/F0). C. Discrimination of 13C carbon isotope in inflorescences of B. pendula plants. Average values (±SD) marked with the same letters do not differ significantly according to Duncan’s test, p ≤ 0,05. RU–Ruczaj, BA–Batowice, AM–al. Mickiewicza, OL–Olkusz, TR–Trzebinia, GO- Gorlice, BR–Brunary.
Fig 2.
Intensity of light reflectance from leaves of Betula pendula plants growing in positions with various pollution degrees in Malopolska.
RU–Ruczaj, BA–Batowice, AM–al. Mickiewicza, OL–Olkusz, TR–Trzebinia, GO—Gorlice, BR—Brunary.
Fig 3.
Mean Bet v1 concentration in the particular study sites.
RU–Ruczaj, BA–Batowice, AM–al. Mickiewicza, OL–Olkusz, TR–Trzebinia, GO- Gorlice, BR—Brunary.
Table 2.
The characterization of chemical compounds assigned to the particular bands in the FT-Raman spectra.
The spectra were measured on the tablets of pollen of selected trees of Betula pendula.
Fig 4.
FT-Raman spectra of pollen samples of selected Betula pendula from various localizations in Malopolska region.
RU–Ruczaj, BA–Batowice, AM–al. Mickiewicza, OL–Olkusz, TR–Trzebinia, GO- Gorlice, BR—Brunary. The wavenumbers of aromatic amino acids, as well as typical bands from protein structures, are pointed. Each spectrum is an average of at least 6 separate measurements. SD < 5%.
Fig 5.
Curve fitting of the FT-Raman spectra in the range of amide I obtained for Bet v1 protein, deriving from the studied areas.
RU–Ruczaj, BA–Batowice, AM–al. Mickiewicza, OL–Olkusz, TR–Trzebinia, GO- Gorlice, BR–Brunary.
Table 3.
The quantitative estimation [%] of secondary structures content of Bet v1 protein isolated from pollen of Betula pendula. collected from trees growing in particular study site in Malopolska region.