Fig 1.
ROSES flow diagram reporting the screening process of the articles and studies of the review [55].
Fig 2.
Distribution of maximum Critical Fusion Frequencies (CFF).
Only species living under low and variable light exposure levels in Actinopterygii, Aves, and Insecta, the three classes that had species with CFF higher than 100 Hz, are represented. The dashed line represents the flicker frequency of a lamp on a 50 Hz electrical supply—i.e. 100 Hz.
Fig 3.
Distribution of square root Critical Fusion Frequencies (CFF) across the most studied taxonomic classes.
The dashed line represents the flicker frequency of a lamp on a 50 Hz electrical supply—i.e. 100 Hz. Sample size: Insecta (n = 26), Aves (n = 17), Reptilia (n = 13), Actinopterygii (n = 35), Mammalia (n = 19), Malacostraca (n = 29), Elasmobranchii (n = 12). Linear mixed effect model significant differences (p-value < 0.05) are indicated by the letters above each boxplot.
Table 1.
Linear-mixed models (LMM) results testing for differences of Critical Fusion Frequencies (CFF) between the most studied taxonomic classes.
Fig 4.
Square root Critical Fusion Frequencies (CFF) for (A) low, medium and high risks of bias and for (B) low, variable and high light exposure levels. The dashed line represents the flicker frequency of a lamp on a 50 Hz electrical supply—i.e. 100 Hz. Sample size: (A) Low (n = 20), Medium (n = 55), High (n = 4); (B) Low (n = 30), Variable (n = 4), High (n = 45). Linear mixed effect model differences are indicated as follows: *** p-value < 0.001, ** p-value < 0.01, * p-value < 0.05, ns non significant.