Table 1.
Baseline demographic, clinical and biochemical data of patients.
Fig 1.
Size distribution of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue extracellular vesicles assessed by NTA and cryo-EM.
Table 2.
Characteristic of EV preparations for cryo-EM.
Fig 2.
Western blot analysis of the CD63 as common exosomal marker and FABP4 as adipose tissue specific marker.
The origin bands are presented in supplementary files. Abbreviations in the figure: AT–adipose tissue, SAT–subcutaneous AT, VAT–visceral AT, EVs–extracellular vesicles, T2DM–type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fig 3.
Cryo-EM images of EVs isolated from SAT and VAT culture mediums of obese patients with and without T2DM.
Various morphological types of extracellular vesicles have been identified: Single vesicles (S), double vesicles (D), vesicles with double membrane (DM), multilayered vesicles (M), vesicle with broken membrane (B), granulated vesicle (GR). Scale bars are 100 nm.
Fig 4.
Cryo-EM images of EVs isolated from SAT and VAT culture mediums of individuals from the control group: Single (S), double (D), multilayered (M) vesicles.
Scale bars are 100 nm.
Fig 5.
Proportional distribution diagram for main types of observed extracellular vesicles.
Abbreviations in the figure: EVs–extracellular vesicles, SAT–subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT–visceral adipose tissue, T2DM–type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Table 3.
Sizes of main types of observed adipose tissue extracellular vesicles in the studied groups.