Fig 1.
Process mining in the changing HIS environment (adapted based on [21, 26]).
Fig 2.
Relevant CDM tables for event log construction.
Code names are sourced from [50].
Table 1.
An example of inpatient visit event logs.
Table 2.
Available outpatient activities derived from CDM.
Table 3.
An example of outpatient visit event logs.
Table 4.
An example of ER visit event logs.
Table 5.
An example log for patient journey.
Fig 3.
Finding the optimal number of clinical orders in TLH CP.
Table 6.
Details of the derived CP by order day.
Table 7.
Summary of the datasets.
Fig 4.
CP discovery for selected surgeries.
(From left to right) (a): CP before THR for mainstream behaviors only with all paths, CP before THR with mainstream behaviors and major paths only; (b): CP after CB for death cases, CP for 24 hours after CB for death cases; (c) CP before TAVI, CP for 24 hours after TAVI; (d): CP for 24 hours after PD with all activities, CP for 24 hours after PD with 30% activities.
Fig 5.
(a) CDM-based model in frequency view; (b) CDM-based model in performance view; (c) EHR-based model in performance view [42].
Fig 6.
(a) dotted chart for all activities by case, occurred between 2003 and 2019; (b) dotted chart for activities by case, occurred in 2013; (c) dotted chart for all activities occurred by case, sorted by case duration; (d) dotted chart for all activities occurred by case, sorted by case duration, excerpted from [42].
Fig 7.
(a) Process model with all activities included; (b) Process model with mainstream behaviors only; (c) Process model with mainstream behaviors only, based on median time duration between events.
Fig 8.
Patient journey map using visit-level events.
(a) entire patient journey with all activities included (left) and the enlarged screenshot of the early encounters only (right); (b) patient journey with mainstream behaviors only.
Fig 9.
Patient journey map using descendent-level events.
(a) process model for the entire visits (left); enlarged view of the first two outpatient visits (top right); enlarged view of the TLH inpatient visit (middle right) (b) process model with mainstream behaviors only.
Fig 10.
Process mining data spectrum and representation ability of CDM, based on [52].
Table 8.
Comparison with other studies.