Table 1.
Characteristics of German university students aged 18–25 years at baseline assessment of the ChroNu study (n = 320).
Fig 1.
Least square means of body composition measures (95% confidence intervals) by chronotype or social jetlag tertiles: Upper panels: (A) Visceral fat mass (kg) or (B) skeletal muscle mass by tertiles of chronotype. Time in each tertile represents the mean midpoint of sleep—corrected for sleep debt during the week—in the respective tertile. P for trend = 0.048 in (A) and = 0.021 in (B). Lower Panels: (C) visceral fat mass (kg) or (D) skeletal muscle mass by tertiles of SJL. Time in each tertile represents the mean SJL. P for trend = 0.011 in (C) and = 0.869 in (D). Models in panel (A) and (C) are least-square means adjusted for age, sex, and living in shared apartments. Models in (B) and (D) are adjusted for age, sex and height. P-values refers to the value obtained from the multivariable regression model using chronotype or social jetlag as a continuous variable.
Table 2.
Multivariable regression analysis of the association of chronotype/social jet lag with visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass mass (kg).
Table 3.
Mediation analysis of the relevance of selected physical activity variables (potential mediators) for the association of chronotype/social jet lag with visceral fat / skeletal muscle mass (kg) among participants of the baseline survey (n = 320).
Table 4.
Changes in chronotype, social jetlag and life factors from baseline (Oct 2019-Jan 2020) to follow-up (June 2021) by tertiles of chronotype at baseline (n = 156).