Table 1.
Characteristics of the study respondents (n = 1529).
Table 2.
Distribution of each item and comparison of factor loadings and internal consistency for the Hikikomori Questionnaire-25 items (HQ-25).
Fig 1.
Confirmatory factor analysis depicting the three-factor model for the Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25).
Table 3.
Estimated loading, residual variances, and factor covariance on the Arabic version of HQ-25 using confirmatory factor analysis.
Table 4.
Univariate and logistic regression analysis in patients with the Hikikomori-like idiom of distress (HLID)according to HQ-25 associated with demographic and clinical outcomes.