Fig 1.
Harvesting of periosteum from the tibia of red Duroc pigs using a periosteal elevator.
Periosteum was cut into 2 x 4 cm strips and loaded into custom made 316L stainless steel strain devices with long-axis edges constrained in the lateral direction using sutures.
Fig 2.
Ex vivo expansion of periosteal tissue is not linear with total applied strain.
A) Photographs of periosteum at day 0 and after 10 days of culture. Note the decrease in periosteal strip width in the 10% group. B) Quantification of periosteal area normalized to day 0.
Fig 3.
Anatomy of periosteal tissue prior to and following in vitro culture.
H&E stained sections of fresh porcine periosteal tissue and periosteum after 10 days in culture. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Fig 4.
Ex vivo expansion does not significantly alter cell proliferation or metabolism.
A) Quantification of Ki67+ cells per field of view as a function of culture condition. B) MTT cellular metabolism assay performed on punch biopsies collected from periosteum on culture day 10.
Fig 5.
Mineralization in bone allograft following subcutaneous implantation.
Masson-Goldner staining of undecalcified sections from allograft only, allograft wrapped with fresh periosteum and allograft wrapped with mechanically expanded periosteum 16 weeks post-implantation.
Fig 6.
Expression of genes related to bone regeneration in allograft alone or wrapped with periosteum.
Normalized gene expression for decorin, osteoprotegerin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin from samples collected at 8 and 16 weeks post-implantation.