Fig 1.
Timeline of calves were sampled before (LO1) and after (UN1) a 20-h transport, provided with either no rest (R0) or 8 h (R8) of rest, and sampled before (LO2) and after (UN2) an additional 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h transport, as well as on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after UN2.
Table 1.
Chronology of sampling for Group 1 and 2 of conditioned and non-conditioned, crossbred beef calves, transported for 20 h, rested for 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h, and transported for 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h after rest.
Fig 2.
Layout of five compartments within a quad-axle livestock trailer.
Table 2.
Temperature and humidity index (THI) within trailers used to transport two groups of 6-7-mo-old beef calves (Group 1 and 2) for 20, 4, and 15 h transport.
Fig 3.
Least squares-means (± upper and lower limits at 95% confidence) of standing percentage (%) during the (A) 20 h transport, (B) 8 h rest period, (C) additional 4 h and (D) 15 h transport of conditioned (C) and non-conditioned (N), calves rested for 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h and transported for an additional 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h.
*Indicates significant differences between treatments (p <0.05).
Fig 4.
Least squares-means (± upper and lower limits at 95% confidence) of (A) dry matter intake (DMI) and (B) body weight of conditioned (C) and non-conditioned (N), calves rested for 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h and transported for an additional 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h.
*Indicates significant differences between treatments (p <0.05).
Fig 5.
Least squares-means of (A) cortisol, (B and C) non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and (D) haptoglobin (HP) of conditioned (C) and non-conditioned (N), calves rested for 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h and transported for an additional 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h.
*Indicates significant differences between treatments (p <0.05).
Fig 6.
Least squares-means of (A and B) serum amyloid-A (SAA), (C) creatine kinase (CK), and (D and E) L-lactate concentrations of conditioned (C) and non-conditioned (N), calves rested for 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h and transported for an additional 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h.
*Indicates significant differences between treatments (p <0.05).