Fig 1.
A quality improvement study schematic outlining sample collection, nasal povidone-iodine (PI) application, and sequencing method.
Fig 2.
Taxa composition with relative abundance.
Bar plots display relative abundance (%) of top 10 phyla and genera composition between pre- and post-surgery nasal microbiota in the control group (A and C) and PI group (B and D). Rare taxa are classified as “uncultured”. The legend displays the color coding of genera and phyla to which these taxa belong.
Fig 3.
Alpha diversity of bacteria community.
Box and whisker plots to compare bacteria community alpha diversity between pre-surgery and post-surgery in control (Prec, and Postc) and povidone-iodine (pi) (Prepi and Postpi) groups. (A) and (B) Chao’s richness, (C) and (D) Shannon’s diversity, and (E) and (F) Inverse Simpson’s diversity. P-value was based on pairwise sample comparison in Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant values (p-values) between pre- and post-surgery are displayed on the plots. P-values <0.05 are considered significant.
Fig 4.
Beta diversity of bacterial community composition.
Differences of nasal bacterial community compositions across treatments groups. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for bacterial community of nasal samples collected pre- and post-surgery from (A) control group and (B) povidone-iodine group. Ellipses illustrates standard error around centroid of pre- and post- nasal community samples in each treatment group and colored by treatment. P- value <0.05 was considered a significant difference between bacterial community composition between pre- and post-surgery samples. The nMDS stress levels for PI group = 0.20 and control group = 0.25.