Fig 1.
Geographic information system (GIS) map showing size and location of seven catchments included in study.
Sampling locations are denoted with a red symbol. The rain gauge is indicated by a black shaded square. Catchments are colored based on total impervious surface area (km2). See legend for stream and catchment boundary information. The underlaying street map is from OpenStreetMap (Data available under the Open Database License: https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright).
Fig 2.
Precipitation measurements (n = 231) ranked from lowest to highest quantities (values increase from left to right).
The vertical dashed line denotes number of samples with precipitation level < 2.54 mm.
Table 1.
Summary of land use measurements (km2) for each catchment.
Fig 3.
Samples that exceeded the local single sample maximum of E. coli 410 MPN/100 ml.
Table 2.
Log10 E. coli (MPN/100 ml) measurements by site.
Table 3.
Calibration model performance metrics.
Fig 4.
Host-associated qPCR genetic marker estimated log10 copies per reaction concentrations for HF183/BacR287, HumM2, DG3, GFD, and Rum2Bac.
Heatmap keys are shown for each qPCR assay data set indicating estimated log10 copies per reaction color coding information. Sampling date and site combinations denoted by a white cell represents samples that failed the sample processing control and were discarded from the study. Cells shaded grey indicates samples where all sample replicate reactions yielded a Cq = 40 (non-detection).
Fig 5.
Fecal scores (log10 copies per 100 ml with 95% BCI) for site rankings with each host-associated genetic marker.
Values are ranked from highest (left) to lowest (right).
Fig 6.
Host-associated genetic marker fecal scores (log10 copies per 100 ml with 95% BCI) for each site using E. coli.
(Panel A; threshold: ≥ 410 MPN/100 ml) and precipitation (Panel B; threshold: ≥ 2.54 mm) sample group definitions. An ‘X’ denotes that a sample grouping was ineligible for fecal score determination.