Fig 1.
Prisma flow diagram.
Fig 2.
Bias assessment of the randomized controlled trials.
Guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
Fig 3.
Bias assessment of the non-randomized studies.
Guided by Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the 16 included studies.
Table 2.
Intervention outcomes in the 16 included studies.