Table 1.
World governance indicator definitions, and potential relevance for DWF.
Fig 1.
Standardized distant water fishing hours per exclusive economic zone (EEZ).
The panels display the four fishing gears used in this study. EEZs without any distant water fishing effort in the year 2017 are represented in light grey (e.g., Somalia) and those without or shared sovereignty and disputed claims are represented in dark grey (e.g., Antarctica). Note that due to missing governance indicators for state territories, we did consider these in our statistical analysis (see S2 Table in S1 File).
Fig 2.
Variable importance (VI) scores of environmental and socio-political variables for the four fleets investigated, each relative to the respective highest VI.
We defined variables with a higher VI than that of a random variable (red dotted line) as informative.
Fig 3.
The influence of (normalized) environmental (green) and socio-political variables (blue) on DWF effort, as predicted by our random forest models and expressed as accumulated local effects (ALE), for the four fleets.
Displayed are only informative variables (more important than a random variable, c.f. Fig 2) and for variable values within the 5 to 95 percentile intervals. Grey dashed lines indicate the 0 ALE level and bars along the x-axis indicate distribution of data points for this variable. Not all variables are more important than random for all four gears, therefore each panel may show different numbers of variables.
Fig 4.
Aggregated distant water fishing effort (2017) by host countries’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ) as (A) total hours and (B) total hours divided by EEZ area. Numbers in the bars in chart A indicate the global percentage of the total distant water fishing effort received by each EEZ in 2017. Displayed are the 10 highest ranking EEZs, respectively.