Fig 1.
Schematic representation of the tractor-semitrailer model with the trailer steering system.
(a) Top view. (b) Side view. (c) Rear view.
Fig 2.
Block diagram of the LQR controller.
Fig 3.
Dynamic responses of the tractor-semitrailer under the SLC maneuver.
(a) Lateral acceleration. (b) Sideslip angle. (c) Yaw rate. (d) Roll angle.
Fig 4.
Axle trajectories and the active steering angle under the SLC maneuver.
(a) Axle trajectories. (b) Active steering angle δ2m.
Fig 5.
Dynamic responses of the tractor-semitrailer under the DLC maneuver at 80 km/h.
(a) Lateral acceleration. (b) Sideslip angle. (c) Yaw rate. (d) Roll angle.
Fig 6.
Axle trajectories and the active steering angle under the DLC maneuver at 80 km/h.
(a) Axle trajectories. (b) Active steering angle δ2m.
Fig 7.
Dynamic responses of the tractor-semitrailer under the DLC maneuver at 88 km/h.
(a) Lateral acceleration. (b) Sideslip angle. (c) Yaw rate. (d) Roll angle.
Fig 8.
Axle trajectories and the active steering angle under the DLC maneuver at 88 km/h.
(a) Axle trajectories. (b) Active steering angle δ2m.