Fig 1.
Relationship of trophic transfer efficiencies with trophic levels and standard deviation ± 0.295 of average TTE.
Transfer efficiencies for phytoplankton (TL1) transfer to zooplankton (TL2) estimated by [29], (their Table 3) were at the low end of range 0.12 to 0.35 reported by [74], so TTE for the receiving TL2 was estimated by regression, giving an average of 0.228 ± 0.0067 for 1 standard deviation.
Table 1.
Proportions of multispecies FMSY and catches between species fished in a trophic level.
Fig 2.
Relationship of fish catch (t/Km2/year) and multispecies FMSY with biological production within a trophic level.
Table 2.
Small pelagic tropical shelf fishery characteristics for TTE, P/B, biological production (tww/km2/year), biomass and fish catch (tww/km2/year) and fishing mortality and exploitation rate.
Table 3.
Pelagic finfish fishery tropical shelf characteristics for TTE, P/B, biological production (tww/km2/year), biomass and fish catch (tww/km2/year) and fishing mortality and exploitation rate.
Finfish production input to TL5 TTE also shown.
Fig 3.
Relationship of consumption of zooplankton production, PZ, by small pelagic fish QSP = PZ x √TTE by √(PSP/PZ) from Table 2 (LHS Y-axis), with small pelagic fish biological production, PSP (upper x-axis), giving QSP = 2.9866 x PSP—2.5271 (R2 = 0.9865, n = 6, p <0.001).
Similarly, consumption of small pelagic fish production, PSP, by pelagic finfish QPF (RHS Y-axis) and the resulting pelagic finfish biological production, PPF (lower x-axis) from Table 3 has QPF = 0.3278 x PPF + 0.0027 (R2 = 0.9888, n = 6, p <0.001).
Table 4.
Estimated ecosystem-based ESFMSY and SBFMSY values for temperate species.
Trophic levels (TL) are for the fished species and their predators in the next higher TL, along with trophic transfer efficiencies (TTE).