Fig 1.
Theoretical framework for the study.
Fig 2.
Share of women in the science and research sector in selected EU countries (2021).
Source: She Figures 2021, after: A. Pépin, Webinar: "Gender equality in European Research, Innovation and Higher Education. How to enhance scientific excellence through Gender Equality Plans?", 10.03.2022.
Fig 3.
Percentage of female professors in selected EU countries (2007, 2013, 2016, 2018).
Source: She Figures 2009, 2015, 2018, 2021, after: A. Knapińska, Women in science in Poland. Changing rules of the game, Webinar: "Gender equality in European Research, Innovation and Higher Education. How to enhance scientific excellence through Gender Equality Plans?", 10.03.2022.
Table 1.
Table scientific/research and research/research and teaching staff of academic institutions in Poland.
Source: compilation by E. Krause, based on the data provided to the author by OPI PIB (as of 29.01.2018).
Fig 4.
The course of the experiments presented in this paper.
Table 2.
Characteristics of the researched women on the basis of their professional title/degree/academic title.
N = 334. Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 3.
Characteristics of the surveyed women by age.
N = 334. Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 4.
Characteristics of the surveyed women by marital status.
N = 333 (one woman did not answer the question). Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 5.
Characteristics of the surveyed women with regard to their experience of divorce.
N = 334 (no data available for 1 mother). Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 6.
Characteristics of the surveyed women with regard to the assessment of their economic situation.
N = 334. Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 7.
Number of children the studied mothers have.
N = 334 (no data for 2 mothers). Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 8.
Conflict between scientific career and motherhood as perceived by mothers-scientists.
Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 9.
Conflict of scientific career vs. motherhood in the opinion of mothers of female scientists by professional title/degree/title.
Source: Study by E. Krause.
Table 10.
Time-related dimension of conflict between the roles of mother and scientist.
Table 11.
Time-related dimension of the mother-scientist role conflict by professional title/degree/academic title.
Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 12.
The financial dimension of the mother-scientist role conflict.
Source: Study by Ewa Krause.
Table 13.
The emotional dimension of the mother-scientist role conflict.
Source: Study by Ewa Krause.