Fig 1.
Map of Maya area, showing locations of centers used in this study.
Basemaps include a 30 m SRTM DEM freely available for download from USGS Earth Explorer website and a hillshade image that is the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein under license. Copyright 2014 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved. (Map by AET).
Table 1.
Descriptive data of 23 Maya centers in this study.
Fig 2.
Scaled map of the different centers included in this study.
Black areas are the extent that was used in the study and gray areas represent the extent of settlement not included in this study, at times because of modern borders. (Image by JPW).
Fig 3.
Schematic profiles of different environmental settings.
Schematic profiles show how environment may impact the distribution of ancient Maya households. The four broad environmental settings used in this paper include flat plains (a), river valleys (b), escarpments and bajos (c), and uplands (d). (Image by AET).
Table 2.
ANN / KD results.
Fig 4.
Variations in settlement density at Chunchucmil, El Peru-Waka’, and Ix Kuku’il.
All maps are at the same scale, but KD values are based on local household distributions (see Table 2). (Maps by SRH (Chunchucmil), DBM (El Peru-Waka’) and AET [Ix Kuku’il]).
Table 3.
Descriptive statistics for environmental variability, geographic region, and urban scale.
Fig 5.
Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) ratio by environmental setting of Maya centers.
Plains = gold; River Valley = blue; Uplands = green; Escarpment = purple. (Image by AET).
Fig 6.
Plots show the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) ratio by environmental setting (a) and urban scale (b) of Maya centers. (Image by AET).
Fig 7.
Close up of Altar de Sacrificios showing how changes in the river coursing affects settlement identification. (Map by JM; basemap made by Andrés G. Mejía-Ramon).
Fig 8.
Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) ratio by urban scale.
Smaller = light green; Medium = turquoise; Larger = teal. (Image by AET).