Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram of included and excluded screening process.
Table 1.
Summary data abstraction table.
Table 2.
Research location of included studies in order of quantity.
Multiple papers from the same study counted as having a single location unless reporting results from different locations.
Table 3.
Year of publication for included papers in chronological order with corresponding study IDs.
Multiple papers from the same study were included separately due to differing publication dates.
Table 4.
Methods of included papers, in order of quantity.
Multiple papers from the same study were counted as having a single study methods. Three companion papers were not counted in the ‘total quantity’ column. Many papers used multiple methods, each counted separately in the ‘quantity’ column.
Table 5.
Positive feedback in included studies in order of quantity.
Multiple papers from the same study were counted as having a single type of feedback.
Table 6.
Feedback recipients of positive feedback in included studies in order of quantity.
Multiple papers from the same study were counted as a single feedback recipient.
Table 7.
Feedback settings of positive feedback delivery in included studies in order of quantity.
Multiple papers from the same study were counted separately only if the setting differed between papers.
Table 8.
Outcome domains and outcome measures used in included studies.
Table 9.
Helpful outcomes identified in included studies, arranged by higher-level category and sub-category.
Multiple papers from the same study were counted separately only if reporting different outcomes. Some outcomes were described ambiguously in their original papers and therefore included in, but not expanded on, in the table.
Table 10.
Undesirable changes for healthcare staff identified in included studies.
Table 11.
Mechanisms identified as cause of change in included studies.
Table 12.
Factors enhancing the effect of positive feedback in included studies.
Table 13.
Factors hindering the effect of positive feedback in included studies.