Fig 1.
Multi-anatomical skull structure manual segmentation of the full-face by combining the mandible, the maxilla, the cranial base, the cervical vertebra, and the skin segmentation.
Patient has written consent on file for the use of the images.
Fig 2.
Visualization of the contrast adjustment steps on two different scans.
This result is obtained by keeping the data between Xmin = 1% and Xmax = 99% on the cumulative graph.
Fig 3.
A 128x128x128x1 cropped volume of the input CBCT is divided into a sequence of 16 patches and projected into an embedding space using a linear layer. A transformer model is fed with the sequence added with 768 position embedding. Via skip connections, the decoder will extract and merge the final 128x128x128x2 crop segmentation from the encoded representations of different layers in the transformer.
Table 1.
Data augmentation transformations for the training.
Table 2.
Comparison of manual and automatic segmentation using AUPRC, AUPRC-Baseline, Dice, F2 Score, Accuracy, Recall, and Precision of the 5-fold cross-validation for the 5 skull structures segmentation.
Fig 4.
Visualization of the automatic maxilla segmentation steps.
Re-sample and contrast adjustment of the input image, segmentation with the sliding window using UNETR, and finally, re-sampling of the cleaned-up segmentation to the input size.
Fig 5.
Visualization of the automatic full-face segmentation results.
In red, the prediction is superposed with the manual segmentation in transparent green. On the full-face, we can see that the models managed to average the separation line between the maxilla and the mandible. The separation on the manual segmentation is different. It also explains why the metrics are lower than the mandible for those two skull structures.
Fig 6.
3D Slicer module in development for AMASSS-CBCT.
On the left, we can see the module with the different options/parameters. On the right, the visualisation of the segmentation applied on one small field of view scan with the selected skull structures. The mandible in red, the maxilla in yellow and the root canals in green.