Fig 1.
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram.
Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
Table 2.
Comparisons of outcomes among G1, G2 and G3 after a Bonferroni correction.
Fig 2.
Sonographic examination images of a patient with KOA.
(A) Coronal plane of the medial collateral ligament (MCL: white arrow) displaying mucoid degeneration (white star*); (B) Hypoechoic appearance of the medial collateral ligament (white arrow) in transverse plan displaying effusion (white star*); (C) Longitudinal view of the patellofemoral ligament (PFL) displaying hyperechoic change in the region of patella (white circle).
Fig 3.
Application of US-guided DN in patients with mucoid degeneration of medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL).
(A) Positioning of the DN and transducer in the application of US-guided DN; (B) Longitudinal view of the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL) with hyperechoic change (white star*). The needle with reverberation artifact was displayed by arrowhead.