Fig 1.
Study identification and screening for inclusion in systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fig 2.
Dissertations (n = 12) and peer-reviewed publications (n = 29) relating to service dogs and veterans with PTSD by year.
Table 1.
Non-veteran participant studies: Participants, design, and outcomes.
Table 2.
Study characteristics.
Table 3.
Participant characteristics.
Fig 3.
Number of studies (n = 18) reporting PTSD-specific trained tasks.
Fig 4.
Number of quantitative studies (n = 20) meeting each rigor criterion, where applicable.
Fig 5.
Number of qualitative studies (n = 16) meeting each rigor criterion, where applicable.
Fig 6.
Forest plot on impact of service dog placement on PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) scores for veterans with PTSD.
Table 4.
PCL-5 scores for studies included in meta-analysis.